Is dental erosion a modern problem?
Dental erosion refers to tooth substance loss that happens primarily due to acid that softens the enamel surface layer. Softened enamel is then more prone to mechanical wear. In one’s mouth, a combined wear is common, and this may be a combination of abrasive wear or attrition and erosion.
The two main sources of acid are acidic diet and gastric acid. Today’s lifestyle has brought a major shift in consumption of drinks and food with low pH. Acidic drinks are extremely popular among children and adolescents and both the amount and the frequency on intake may have a determining role in erosion development. On the other hand, gastric acid promotes erosive wear in individuals with different eating disorders or health conditions related to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Moreover, a certain part of population suffers from “silent” reflux, the undiagnosed frequent stomach acid regurgitations.
Prevalence data show high numbers, particularly in younger age groups. However, data from many countries are still missing. This may be due to lack of universal identification methods and registration system.
Treatment should always begin with identifying patients at risk and tailoring an optimal treatment plan. Depending on the erosion severity grade a non-operative and (or) operative actions are needed. Non-operative treatment comprises actions on reducing and modifying risk factors while increasing tooth resistance.
Many erosion preventive treatments are available on the market. Still, there is a lack of studies with clear evidence of its efficiency. NIOM is currently examining several preventive treatment options in a previously established in vivo model of dental erosion. Operative approach applies to restoration of function and esthetic while preserving as much as possible of the remaining healthy tooth substance. Depending on the restoration requirements, different restorative materials may be used.
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